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The Patria Pasi (earlier known as the Sisu Pasi) is a Finnish-made six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) originally designed for Finnish Defence Forces. The first version was produced in 1983 and serial production began in 1984. It was designed to operate with ease of use, simple structure and low-cost maintenance. The basic appearance and configuration of Patria Pasi is similar to most wheeled APCs. The XA-180 and XA-185 versions are fully amphibious while the XA-203 is not.

Pasi (Patria XA-180 Series)
Norwegian XA-185
Type	6x6 Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier
Place of origin	Finland
Service history
In service	1984 - present
Production history
Designer	Sisu Auto
Manufacturer	Sisu Auto (1984 - 1997) Patria (1997 - 2003)
Produced	1984 - 2003
No. built	1,300 (estimate)
Specifications (XA-180)
Mass	13.5 tonnes (13.3 long tons; 14.9 short tons)
Length	7.35 m (24.1 ft)
Width	2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
Height	2.77 m (9 ft 1 in)
Crew	2 (+16 passengers)
Armor	10 mm
Main armament	12.7 mm NSV or M2 browning machine gun
Engine	XA-180: Valmet 611 DSBJA diesel XA-200: Valmet 612 DWIBIC (EURO 2), 6 in-line cylinders, turbo-charged, intercooled diesel XA-180: 236 hp (176 kW) XA-200; 271 hp (202 kW) at 2100 rpm, max torque 1080 Nm at 1600 rpm
Power/weight	17.48 hp/tonne
Suspension	parabolic leaf-springs with hydraulic shock absorbers
Operational range	850 km
Maximum speed	~105 km/h on land, 9 km/h in water

Development

This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013)

In 1980, Sisu produced an XA-180 prototype for Finnish Army tests. It competed against two other prototypes, but was declared the winner of the trials in 1983. On 22 December 1983, the Finnish Army ordered a first batch of fifty XA-180s, of which nine were reserved for UN duties. The vehicle proved quite successful and more orders were soon to follow.

The early variants of the XA series (such as the XA-180 and XA-185) were originally manufactured by Sisu Auto until 1997, when its defense subsidiary Sisu Defence Oy was acquired by Patria.[1] The later variants (such as the XA-188, XA-202 and XA-203) were then manufactured by Patria until 2003, when the new Patria AMV entered serial production.[2] The vehicle's widely known nickname "Pasi" (also a common given name of Finnish men) stems from the Finnish name "panssari-Sisu" (English: armoured Sisu). The main superstructure is mainly manufactured from 6 to 12 mm of armoured steel and the bottom is mine-strengthened, and the front windows are bullet-resistant and equipped with protective hatches. The vehicle has continuous six-wheel drive and good capabilities for off-road driving. It can take inclines up to a maximum of 60°.

The Pasi has no standard armament, but is equipped with a rotating turret structure for installation of light/heavy machine guns or autocannons. It also has 8 BMP style firing ports on the sides and rear. Therefore, passengers, usually a squad of infantry, can fire their weapons from the cover of the armor.

The Pasi is popular in peacekeeping missions due to its mobility, non-aggressive appearance, and good protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IED). The vehicle also offers a good combination of armament, comfort, mine protection, protection against shrapnel and small calibre fire, road speed, short time of learning how to drive, and an acceptable terrain mobility. It also offers more internal space compared to other similar vehicles like the Fuchs or BTR-80.

Operational service

The Pasi has seen service in several conflict areas, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Eritrea, Golan Heights, Iraq, Kosovo, Lebanon, Macedonia, Namibia, Liberia, Somalia and Chad.

The Pasi has also been used by the Finnish police in sieges and SWAT operations.

In 2018, five Estonian XA-188s were deployed to Mali as part of the country's contribution to Operation Barkhane.[3]

In 2022, Finland reportedly donated an unknown number of XA-180/185s to Ukraine as part of a military and humanitarian aid package following the escalations of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.[4] At least one has been lost in combat.[5]

Versions

Sisu XA-180

Original six-wheeler, carries crew of 2 and 16 troops. Empty weight ca. 12 tonnes.

Sisu XA-185

Upgraded version, carries crew of 2 and 18 troops. Has a more powerful engine and improved power transmission. Used as an ambulance in the Norwegian Army.

Sisu XA-186

Upgraded armour. Armoured and equipped with machine-assisted gun turret (.50 BMG). Cannot swim because of the heavy armour. Empty weight ca 19 tonnes. Engine and transmission same as XA-185.

Sisu XA-188

Used by the Royal Netherlands Army.[6]

Sisu XA-200

The 200 series looks a little different from older variants due to increased armour. It lacks amphibious capabilities but can wade through water that is up to 1.5 m deep. The improved armour protects the passengers against up to 14.5 mm small arms fire. It is also equipped with modern optical aids like periscopes and night vision. The armor upgrade was initiated after the realisation that the previous armor was inadequate, even modern armor-piercing 7.62 mm ammunition could pierce the older XA-180 and XA-185 models in certain areas. The XA-202 was originally developed for Communications and Command. The XA-203 was made as a temporary replacement for XA-185, and is intended to be replaced by Patria AMVs in Finnish service. The Patria AMV (Armored Modular Vehicle) is an 8×8 multi-role military vehicle produced by the Finnish defence company Patria.

In addition to standard variants, there are numerous sub-versions for specific missions, e.g. ambulance, command & communications, electronic warfare, air defence, radar surveillance, firefighting and anti-tank variants among others.

Operators

There are five original customers of the Pasi: Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, while a large number have been leased to other military forces of the world.

Current operators

•  Austria: Austrian Army, in UNDOF service.[7]
•  Estonia: Estonian Army
  • XA-180EST, modernized variant of the XA-180
  • In 2010, Estonia purchased an additional 81 units of XA-188 from the Netherlands.[8]
•  Finland: Finnish Army, Finnish Navy, Finnish Air Force, Finnish Police. 425 XA-180s and 185s, 148 XA-200s
  • XA-180, most upgraded to 185 specs, and configured with special communications equipment
  • XA-181 built for Crotale NG independent air defence unit
  • XA-182, equipped with Jantronic J-1000/Giraffe IV radar
  • XA-185, the most common version, most of the Finnish vehicles are armed with a 12.7 mm NSV machine gun. One prototype equipped with TOW-2 system.
  • XA-202 command and signals vehicle, configured with special communications equipment

Also the following versions exist:

• • VIPA (ViestiPasi, communication vehicle using the YVI-2, Yhtymän Viestijärjestelmä, "brigade and corps level communication system")
    • • ELSO (ELektroninen SOdankäynti, ELINT, electronic warfare) sub-version of VIPA.
    • EPA (EsikuntaPAsi, brigade command post vehicle)
    • KOPA (KOmentoPAsi, battalion command post vehicle)
    • SUTI (SUojeluTIedustelu), NBC reconnaissance vehicle
    • TUPA (TUlenjohtoPAsi, fire observer and artillery command post vehicle)
  • XA-203, the last generation APC replacing the oldest vehicles of the XA-185 series, except for regular APCs and ambulances,
    • Ambulance
  • Units used by the Finnish police are on loan from the Finnish military to police special unit and used in extreme situations.
•  Ghana: In UN service.
•  Norway: Norwegian Armed Forces. 75 vehicles.
  • XA-185, in service with several units primarily in the ambulance configuration.
  • XA-186, in service with the HMKG and Basesett 1 located at Ørland Main Air Station.
  • XA-203N, in service with the 2nd Battalion.
•  Sweden: Swedish Army. ~200 vehicles in total.
  • Pansarterrängbil XA-180/XA-185, XA-180(/185) armed with 12,7x99mm HMG. 70 vehicles delivered from 1988, mainly in UN service.[9]
  • Pansarterrängbil 202, XA-202S as command and control vehicles, Swedish special variant^{[citation needed]}
  • Pansarterrängbil 203A, XA-203 equipped with the turret from Pbv 302 APC's, armed with a 20 mm gun, in 7 configurations like ambulance (unarmed), AT-missile, CBRN-detection, field repairs and so forth.[10]
  • Pansarterrängbil 203B, the turret is replaced with the weapon-station Protector Nordic.
•  UN: A large number of Sisu XA-180 vehicles are used by UNIFIL forces in southern Lebanon.
•  Ukraine: Ukrainian Army. Unknown number of vehicles donated during the Russo-Ukrainian war.[11][12]

Former operators

•  Denmark: The Danish Army leased eleven XA-185s (including ambulance versions) for use with UN troops.[13]
•  Ireland: The Irish Army had two XA-180s, formerly as training vehicles for soldiers preparing for service in South Lebanon. Retired in 2012.
•  Netherlands: The Dutch Army and Netherlands Marine Corps purchased 90 XA-188s, 81 of which were later sold to Estonia.
  • XA-188 GVV (early 200-series variant) Used by army and marines, equipped with GPS and satcom, armament MG or .50cal
  • XA-188 GWT Ambulance

Gallery

• 
  A Finnish Army XA-180
• 
  The interior of a Finnish Army XA-180M
• 
  A firefighting variant used by the Finnish Defence Forces
• 
  A Finnish Army XA-185 equipped with a 12.7 mm NSV machine gun
• 
  A Royal Netherlands Army XA-188 ambulance transport vehicle

See also

• Patria Pasi variants
• Patria AMV
• Patria 6x6
• List of AFVs

References

External links

• Danish army XA-185

На других языках

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[de] Sisu Pasi

Sisu Pasi ist eine Serie von sechsrädrigen (6×6), allradgetriebenen, amphibischen Transportpanzern des finnischen Fahrzeugherstellers Sisu Auto. Die Zusatzbezeichnung „Pasi“ leitet sich von „Panssari Sisu“ ab, was auf deutsch „gepanzerter Sisu“ bedeutet.

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- [en] Patria Pasi

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[ru] XA-180

XA-180, также известный как «Паси» (Pasi, от фин. panssaroitu Sisu) — современный финский бронетранспортёр. Создан фирмой Sisu в начале 1980-х годов по заказу финского правительства, для замены устаревавших БТР-60 советского производства. Использует доработанную базу коммерческого грузового автомобиля Sisu SA-150. Серийное производство XA-180 ведётся с 1983 года, всего было выпущено около 1000 машин этого типа в различных вариантах. Является основным бронетранспортёром Финской Армии, также поставлялся на экспорт в ряд других государств.

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