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The Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé or VAB (literally meaning "Armoured Forward Vehicle"; but more appropriately translated: "Armoured Vanguard Vehicle") is a French armoured personnel carrier and support vehicle designed and manufactured by Renault Trucks Defense (now called Arquus). It entered service in 1976 and around 5,000 were produced.[7] It has seen combat in various conflicts in Africa, Asia as well as Europe and has also been exported to more than 15 countries.

Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé
Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé of the 9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade Bastille Day (Paris, 2013)
TypeArmoured personnel carrier
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1976–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsWestern Sahara War
Lebanese Civil War
Opération Épervier
Gulf War
Opération Turquoise
Bosnian War
War in Afghanistan
2003–2004 Indonesian offensive in Aceh[1]
Opération Licorne
Operation Serval
Opération Sangaris
Opération Barkhane
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen[2]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
DesignerGIAT Industries
ManufacturerRenault Trucks Defense
MACK Defense[3]
No. built5,000[4]
Specifications
Mass13.8 tonnes (13.8 tonnes loaded)
Length5.98 m (19 ft 7 in)
Width2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
Height2.06 m (6 ft 9 in)
Crew2
Passengers10

ArmourSteel armour providing protection against 7.62 mm bullets
Upgrades with MEXAS composite armour and mine protection
Main
armament
1 × AA52 7.62 mm machine gun or 1x M2 12.7mm machine gun
EngineRenault MIDS 062045
235 kW (320 hp)[5]
Power/weight17 W/kg (23 hp/t)
Suspensionwheeled
Ground clearance0.4 m (1 ft 4 in)[6]
Fuel capacity310 litres[6]
Operational
range
1,200 km (750 mi)[6]
Maximum speed 110 km/h (68 mph)
2.2 m/s in water[6]

A polyvalent military vehicle, the VAB has more than thirty variants and sub-variants. Beyond their common primary role of transporting personnel and equipment in combat zones, some VAB are tailored for mechanized infantry combat, some fulfill the role of anti-tank missile launchers, some of self-propelled mortars, some are optimized for electronic warfare, others act as reconnaissance or artillery observation vehicles, etc.

As of 2019, it still is the standard APC of the French Army but is gradually being replaced by its successors, the VBMR Griffon (introduced in 2018) and the latter's four-wheeled version, the VBMR-L Serval (introduced in 2022).


Design


The VAB was designed as a wheeled troop transporter, complementing the tracked AMX-10P. Specifications for the project called for an NBC-proof, amphibious (Its propulsion in water is either by its wheels or twin water jets),[8] lightly armoured vehicle to provide infantry with basic protection against shrapnel and light infantry weapons. These features were dictated by its possible usage in the event of an all-out conventional war breaking out against the Warsaw Pact; in particular, the amphibious capabilities were needed to bridge the rivers in Eastern France and in Germany.[9]

Companies Panhard and Saviem/Renault answered the requirement, and the Renault prototype was selected in May 1974,[10] with 4,000 units ordered. The first delivery occurred in 1976, and production continued at a rate of 30 to 40 units a month.[7]

An armoured double-door at the rear allows access to the passenger compartment. Two inward-facing, foldable benches provide seating for 5 soldiers each. The crew enters the front compartment through two lateral hatches, the driver on the left and gunner on the right; two additional hatches in the roof give access to armaments and provide emergency exits. The front windows are bullet-proof and heated. All the windows can be further protected by armoured panels, which can be shut entirely or leaving a small observation slit. The engine is located behind the driver, while the right side of the vehicle is kept free, providing a passageway between the crew and passenger compartments.

With a modest 13-tonne mass, the VAB can easily be airlifted for deployment abroad.[6]

The VAB's large wheels allow it to sustain up to 60% grades and road/rail canting of up to 30%.[11]

From 1998, the French Army's VABs underwent three major overhauls:

These overhauled vehicles are known as VAB Valorisé. From 1990, the VAB NG (new generation) with improved armour and new engine was offered. In the 2000s, Renault offered engine upgrades to any VABs in service from MAN diesel engines to Renault MIDS 06 20 45 turbocharged diesel engines by removing the torque converterer oil reservoir bracket, modifying the existing right-hand engine bracket and the installation of a cooling unit.[12]

In 2003, Renault Trucks Défense took over marketing the VAB from GIAT. At Eurosatory 2010, Renault unveiled the heavier VAB MkII, with more internal space and Level 4 protection.[13][14] The MkII version was also shown in the BRIDEX 2011 convention.[15]

In Eurosatory 2012; the VAB MkIII was presented publicly, being a new vehicle with better protection against IEDs and anti-vehicle mines[16] up to STANAG Level 4 protection.[17] Armored plating against RPG rockets is made in collaboration with Plasan.[18]

It's being marketed only in a 6x6 wheeled configuration with either a Renault MD7 engine developing 340 hp or a Caterpillar C7 developing 370 hp with automatic transmission.[19]


Armour upgrade


A Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé armed with a 20 mm gun turret, with added armour, deployed in Afghanistan on 19 August 2009
A Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé armed with a 20 mm gun turret, with added armour, deployed in Afghanistan on 19 August 2009

The upgrade of the VAB with MEXAS composite armour aimed at increasing from protection against light infantry weapons to protection against heavy machine guns, typically 12.7 mm projectiles. This increased the weight of the vehicles by about two tonnes, thereby losing its amphibious capabilities.

The amphibious shape of the hull, the relatively light weight and the armour upgrade seem to give the VAB strong resistance against mines. When exposed to an explosion from below, the VAB tends to be lifted in the air, allowing the force of the blast to disperse away from the vehicle. In particular, the hull shape and position of the wheels deflects the shock wave, helping maintain hull integrity.[9]


Turrets


The heavy machine gun version of the Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé carries a M2HB 12.7mm machine gun in an open turret; the light version sports the AA52 7.5mm machine gun in a similar arrangement.

Detail of open machine gun turret
Detail of open machine gun turret

In both cases, the gunner's only protection from incoming fire is an armoured panel on the front and the two halves of the hatch door on the sides, giving little protection against indirect fire, surprise attacks and explosions[20] — or if the VAB rolls over.[21] As of July 2007, all the personnel killed by mines aboard VABs had occupied the gunner position (though serious injuries were sometimes sustained by crewmen inside the hull).[9]

From 2007, the Army head of staff repeatedly requested that remotely operated 12.7mm turrets be fitted on these vehicles, as a crash requirement.[22] A program was launched, scheduling turret and battle command upgrades for over 500 VABs, now labeled VAB TOP (tourelle TéléOPérée). In May 2008, Renault Trucks Defense signed an eight-year, 20 million euro contract with Kongsberg Gruppen of Norway, for equipping the VAB with subsidiary Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace's Protector Remote Weapon Station (RWS).[23][24] Deliveries were scheduled from 2009 to 2016.

Equipped with Protector Remote Weapon Station
Equipped with Protector Remote Weapon Station

From early 2009 onwards, about 60 VAB-TOP were deployed in Afghanistan, seeing their first combat during the Battle of Alasay. Field experience shows a significant drop in ammunition consumption with the tele-operated turret, whose computer allows the operator to fire efficient single shots, rather than bursts.[25] This partially alleviates concerns raised by the need to reload this turret from outside.[26]


Replacement


Replacement of the VAB is scheduled for around 2020. A diesel-electric vehicle stemming from the EBM10-EBM20 programme is due to be selected. The Armoured Multirole Carrier has been cited as a strong contender.


Combat history


VAB deployed with the French contingent of the ISAF (right), next to a US MRAP, 7 August 2009.
VAB deployed with the French contingent of the ISAF (right), next to a US MRAP, 7 August 2009.

VABs have been deployed in virtually all theatres where French infantry troops were present, notably Kuwait, Côte d'Ivoire, Yugoslavia, and Chad. French troops supporting ISAF in Afghanistan also use the VAB. During the Uzbin valley ambush, a VAB was hit by a rocket propelled grenade, with no injuries. One soldier manning the rooftop machine gun of a VAB was later killed when the road collapsed under his vehicle and it rolled over.[27] In March 2009, a VAB driver was killed by a rocket attack during the battle of Alasay.[28]


Africa


VABs belonging to the Royal Moroccan Army (FAR) have seen heavy combat during the conflict with Polisario rebels of the Western Sahara.


Middle East


A total of 95 VABs were delivered to the Lebanese Army between 1981 and 1984,[29][30] being extensively employed during the Lebanese Civil War, with several vehicles serving under the Shia Amal Movement militia banner after the Army's predominantly Shia 6th Infantry Brigade went over to their coreligionists in February 1984.[31][32][33] After the end of the war in the 1990s, additional VABs were delivered to the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) for use in the escort and internal security roles.


Variants


Variants may be 4×4 or 6×6 wheels, the 6×6 yielding a 10% increase in cost.[7] The French military only uses 4-wheel versions, while export versions mainly are 6×6s.

The following VAB variants are/were made:[34][35]

.VAB MK 3, 6x6 APC version- A highly improved version of the VAB with better performance in terms of mobility protection in payload

Mephisto anti-tank missile variant
Mephisto anti-tank missile variant
VIB 20 mm turret variant
VIB 20 mm turret variant
VOA artillery spotting variant
VOA artillery spotting variant

Versions reserved for export:

The French Gendarmerie also procured a small batch (about twenty) of up-armoured VABs, for use in Afghanistan. These vehicles have now (2018) been redeployed either to Versailles-Satory (near Paris) or to French New Caledonia.

Foreign-made versions:




Operators


Map of VAB operators in blue
Map of VAB operators in blue

As of 2019, it's known that the VAB is exported to more than 40 countries.[4]



Current operators



Former operators



See also



Comparable vehicles



Notes


  1. "Foto Foto Darurat Militer Aceh 2003-2004, Operasi Militer Lawan GAM". hobbymiliter.com (in Indonesian). 12 May 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  2. International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Vol. 116. Routlegde. p. 315. ISBN 9781857438352.
  3. As of October 2017, using the Wayback machine on the official MACK Defense website indicates that it no longer shows the Lakota.
  4. "Internal Server Error" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2019.
  5. "VAB Description". Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
  6. VAB, Ministry of Defence
  7. "1976 RENAULT VAB VCI". charfrancais.net. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  8. Tanks and armored fighting vehicles: visual encyclopedia. New York, N.Y.: Chartwell Books. 2012. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-7858-2926-3. OCLC 785874088.
  9. La bonne surprise du VAB face aux IED : avoir été amphibie..., Jean-Dominique Merchet, Secret Défense, Libération
  10. VAB Blindé de transport de troupe – Armoured personnel carrier, armyrecognition.com
  11. "Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé (VAB), Federation of American Scientists-FAS". fas.org. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  12. "Arquus | Military Vehicles | Armored Cars | Armory Personnal Carrier |". Archived from the original on 19 October 2006.
  13. "Launch of the New VAB Mark II and Presents the Development of Its SHERPA Range at Eurosatory 2010 (Stand D390 – Outdoor)". Archived from the original on 15 October 2019.
  14. "VAB Mk 2 multirole armoured vehicle technical data sheet specifications information description". www.armyrecognition.com.
  15. "Renault Trucks Defense last range of wheeled armoured with VAB Mark II and Sherpa at BRIDEX 2011". www.armyrecognition.com.
  16. Administrator. "VAB Mark Mk 3 Mk3 wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier technical data sheet specifications – French army france wheeled armoured vehicle UK – French army military equipment vehicle UK". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  17. "New VAB looks for export sales [IDX15D1] - IHS Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  18. "Archived copy" (PDF). armadainternational.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. "Latest VAB offers more of everything [IDEX19D4] | Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  20. Adjudant Laurent Pican (13 BCA) was killed by an explosion on 21 September 2007
  21. Soldier Melam Bouama was killed during the Uzbin valley ambush
  22. Merchet, Jean-Dominique. "Secret Défense – Faute de VAB, utilisons les VIB ! - Libération.fr". secretdefense.blogs.liberation.fr. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  23. Weapon Control Systems framework agreement with France Archived 29 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine – Kongsberg Gruppen press release, 2 May 2008
  24. "Protector Contract Valued at MNOK 140 with Renault Truck Defense". Kongsberg. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  25. magazine, Le Point. "En Afghanistan, baptême du feu pour le VAB-TOP". Le Point.fr. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  26. magazine, Le Point. "Destinés à mieux protéger leurs occupants, les premiers VAB-TOP livrés en Afghanistan". Le Point.fr. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  27. Merchet, Jean-Dominique (19 August 2008). "Afghanistan: le récit de l'embuscade". Libération. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  28. Fontaine, Caroline (17 March 2009). "Français au combat en Afghanistan". Paris Match. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  29. Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 105.
  30. "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  31. Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975–1990), p. 79.
  32. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 53; 57-58.
  33. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 21.
  34. "VAB ARQUUS 4x4 wheeled APC armored vehicle personnel carrier | French army france wheeled armoured vehicle". www.armyrecognition.com.
  35. "VAB Armored Personnel Carrier". www.military-today.com.
  36. "new VAB Ultima wheeled armoured personnel carrier adapted for French Felin Future soldier". www.armyrecognition.com.
  37. "ARQUUS delivers 40 modernized sanitary VAB SAN CIED armored vehicles to French Army". www.armyrecognition.com.
  38. "Archived copy". www.renault-trucks-defense.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. Cullen & Foss 1992, p. 66
  40. "Mack Defense partners with JWF in Johnstown, PA for Lakota production » Mack Defense". 6 June 2016.
  41. Administrator. "Lakota 6x6 armoured vehicle personnel carrier technical data sheet specifications pictures video 11502174". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  42. Administrator. "Mack Defense to present Sherpa Light Scout and Armoured Wheeled Loader L 180 at AUSA 2014 0610145". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  43. "AUSA 2015: Mack Defense – Sherpa Light and Lakota – IHS Jane's 360". 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  44. "Mack Defense, JWF team for Lakota armored vehicle production". upi.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  45. Administrator. "First foreign sale for the MACK Defense Lakota 6x6 armoured personnel carrier 10310164 – AUSA 2016 Show Daily News TV Coverage Report – Defence security military exhibition 2016 daily news category". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  46. "Hard-hitting VAB [IDEX17D3] | IHS Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  47. Barat, Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa. "Brunei Buy Combat Vehicles from Pindad". www.jabarprov.go.id.
  48. The Military Balance 2021, p. 456.
  49. The Military Balance 2021, p. 457.
  50. "Quelques détails sur l'armée tchadienne…". forcesoperations.com (in French). 21 January 2013.
  51. The Military Balance 2021, p. 467.
  52. The Military Balance 2021, p. 459.
  53. Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 105.
  54. "Saudi Arabia to receive French armoured vehicles ordered for Lebanon | IHS Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  55. Mawad, Dalal (28 June 2022). "France to send Ukraine "significant quantities" of armored personnel carriers". CNN.
  56. "8e RA: formation de soldats géorgiens au camp de Suippes". defense.gouv.fr (in French). 15 February 2011.
  57. "10/06/10 - Afghanistan: une unité géorgienne veille sur le camp de Warehouse (vidéo)". defense.gouv.fr (in French). 10 June 2010.
  58. "25/11/09 - Afghanistan: à Warehouse, les Géorgiens succèdent aux Français (vidéo)". defense.gouv.fr (in French). 25 November 2009.

References





На других языках


[de] Véhicule de l’avant blindé

Der Véhicule de l’avant blindé (VAB)[1] ist ein Transportpanzer aus französischer Produktion. Der allradgetriebene (4×4) Radpanzer wird bei den französischen und anderen Streitkräften verwendet.
- [en] Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé

[ru] VAB

VAB (фр. Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé — «бронированная машина переднего края») — французский бронетранспортёр. Разработан компаниями «Рено» и «Савье» по заказу французской армии. Серийное производство VAB ведётся с 1976 года, всего было выпущено более 5000 машин этого типа в различных вариантах, как на базовом двухосном шасси, так и на трёхосном. Около 4000 из выпущенных машин поступили на вооружение французской армии, использовавшей их в Войне в Персидском заливе, а также в ряде миротворческих миссий. Помимо этого, VAB активно поставляется на экспорт и состоит на вооружении примерно 15 других стран.



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